Glossary

Absolute value:

the value of an integer without regard to the sign; also called magnitude

Acute angle:

an angle which is less than a quarter turn; an angle less than 90°

Algerbraic equations:

equations true only for certain values of the variabel; also called conditional equations

Algerbraic expression:

see variable expression

Angle:

a geometric figure formed by two distinct rays starting from the same endpoint

Ascending order:

in order from least to greatest

Base:

(of a power) the part of apwer that shows what factor is multiplied by itself

Basic fraction:

a fraction in simplest form

Bracket keys:

keys on a calculator used to show order of operation

Capacity:

the amount a container will hold

Cartesian coordinate system:

a way of defining the position of a point in two-dimensional space

Centre:

(of a circle) the point at which two diameters cross in a circle

Circumference:

(of a circle) the perimeter or distance around a circle

Clusters:

values grouped closely together in a set of data

Compatible numbers:

an estimation strategy in which you use numbers that are easy to work with

Complementary angles:

two angles that have a sum of 90°

Consecutive (numbers):

numbers written in order

Coordinates (of a point):

the numbers in the ordered pair that show the position of a point on a grid

Database:

collection of data organized for rapid researvh and retrieval; also called data bank

Denominator:

the bottom number of a fraction; the divisor

Descending order:

in order from greatest to least

Diameter:

the distance across a circle measured through the centre

Divisibility test:

a test to quickly decide if a number is a factor of another number

Equation:

any mathematical statement that contans an equal sign

Equally likely:

having the same chance of occurring

Equivalent fractions:

fractions that name the same part of a whole

Evaluating:

find the value of a mathematical expression

Expanded form:

(of a decimal number) the form of the number expressed as a sum of products.
Each product shows a digit times its place value, e.g., 2.47 = 2 x 1 + 4 x 0.1 + 7 x 0.01

Exponent:

(of a power) the part of a power that shows how many times the base is used as a factor

Extrapolation:

the process of finding a value by following a pattern and going beyond the values already known

Favourable outcomes:

results that you want to happen

Factored form:

(of a power) a form of a number written as the product of factors

First term:

(of a ratio) the first number in a ratio

Flip:

in geometry, a motion that occurs when an object is flipped over a line; also called a reflection

Flip image:

the new position of a figure after a flip; also called the reflection

Flip line:

the line over which a figure is flipped; the line of reflection

Flip symmetry:

the property whereby one-half of a figure can be flipped onto the other half; the condition whereby one-half of a figure is the mirror image of the other half; also called line symmetry or reflection symmetry

Frequency:

the nubmer of times a particular action or event has occurred

Frequency Table:

a chart that lists a set of events together with the number of occurrences of each event

Gaps:

spaces between values in a set of data

Improper fractions:

fractions in which the numerator is greater than the denominator

Independent events:

events that do not depend on each other, for example, twirling a spinner and tossing a coin

Inductive Reasoning:

the process of arriving at a conclusion by generalizing

Integer:

any of the numbers in this set: {…, , , , 0, 1, 2, 3,…}

International Date Line:

an imaginary line that runs north and south, mostly along 180° longitude

Interpolation:

the process of finding a value between two other known values

Interquartile range:

the difference between the upper quartile and the lower quartile

Line plot:

a simple way of organizing and displaying a set of data

Line of symmetry:

the line which divides a figure into two parts that are congruent (exactly the same size and shape)

Lower extreme:

the least value in a set of data

Lower quartile:

the median of the values less than the median in a set of data

Lowest terms:

(of a ratio) a ratio in simplest form written with the lowest whole-number terms possible; also called simplest form

Mass:

the amount of matter in an object

Mathematical expression:

a phrase that involves numbers and operations

Mean:

the arithmetic average

Median:

the middle value or the average of the two middle values in a set of data arranged in ascending order

Meridian:

an imaginary line running around the earth from north to south along lines of longitude

Mixed numbers:

numbers expressed as a sum of a whole number and a proper fraction

Mode:

the most frequently occurring value(s) in a set of data

"No" example:

an example that shows a case that does not fit the definition

Numerator:

the top number of a fraction; the dividend

Obtuse angle:

an angle which is more than a quarter turn and less than a half turn (between 90° and 180°)

Opposite integer:

an integer having the same absolute value but a different sign; also called additive inverse

Order:

list numbers in order of size

Order of operations:

a set of rules that mathematicians have agreed upon to find the value of a mathematical expression

Order of turn symmetry:

the number of times a figure fits on itself in a full turn

Origin:

the point at which the x-axis and the y-axis meet on a grid

Outcome:

the result of an action, such as flipping a coin

Percent:

a special ratio with 100 as the second term

Perpendicular bisector:

a bisector which cuts a line segment into two congruent parts, and meets the segment at a right angle

Point of symmetry:

the turn centre about which a figure with turn symmetry may be rotated

Poll:

an opinion survey

Population:

the set of people, animals, or things being studied

Possible outcomes:

results that could happen

Power:

a compact way of showing the product of identical factors; consists of a base and an exponent

Power form:

a form of a number written as a power; sometimes called exponential form

Powers:

a compact way of writing the products of equal factors

Probability:

a number from 0 to 1 that tells how likely an event is to happen

Probability theorem (formula):

the ratio of the number of favourable outcomes (what you want to happen) to the number of possible outcomes (what could happen)

Prime:

the symbol (´) placed above and to the right of a letter to show the new position of a point after a slide, flip, or turn

Prime meridian:

the first meridian; the meridian which runs along 0° longitude through Greenwich, England

Proper fractions:

fractions in which the numerator is less than the denominator

Proportional ratios:

equivalent ratios

Proportion:

an equation that shows that two ratios are equivalent

Random:

occurring by chance; not influenced by outside factors

Range:

the difference between the upper extreme and the lower extreme in a set of data

Rate:

a comparison that describes a unit relationship as well as a number relationship

Ratio:

a comparison that describes a number relationship

Ray:

a portion of a line starting at one point and going on forever

Rectangular array:

an arrangement in columns and rows

Reflex angle:

an angle whose measure is more than half a turn and less than a full turn (between 180° and 360°)

Relative frequency:

the frequency of a given outcome compared to the total number of trials; also called experimental probability of an event

Right angle:

an angle whose measure is exactly a quarter turn(90°)

Sample:

a part of the population used to obtain information about the whole group

Scientific notation:

a way of writing a number as a number between 1 and 10, multiplied by a power of ten

Second term:

(of a ratio) the second number in a ratio

Sign-change key:

key on a calculator used to change the sign of a number

Simplest form:

(of a fraction) a fraction with the smallest possible whole-number denominator; also called a basic fraction

Simplest form:

(of a ratio) a ratio written in lowest terms

Slide:

in geometry, the movement of an object from its original position to a new position in a straight line; also called a translation

Slide arrow:

the arrow which shows the direction and distance of a slide

Slide image:

the new position of a figure after a slide

Solar time:

system of keeping time where noon is the time when the sun is at its highest point in the sky

Solving an equation:

finding the value of the variables which makes an equation true

Standard form:

the usual form of a number

Standard form:

(of a decimal number) the usual form of the number, for example, 2.47

Standard form:

the usual form of a number

Standard time system:

a system of keeping time in which the world is divided into 24 time zones

Straight angle:

an angle which is exactly a half turn (180°)

Statistics:

items of information which have been collected and recorded; the branch of mathematics that deals with the systematic collection and organization of numberical information

Statistical survey:

a collection of data that describes some aspect of a set of people, animals, or things

Stem and leaf plot:

a way of organizing and displaying a set of data in a T-table

Supplementary angles:

two angles that have a sum of 180°

divide a line segment or an angle into two equal parts

Template:

a stiff piece of material used as a pattern

Terms:

the number or items in a sequence

Tessellation:

an arrangement of congruent figures that covers a surface without gaps or overlapping

Turn:

in geometry, a motion that occurs when an object is turned around a fixed point; also called a rotation

Turn arrow:

the arrow which indicates the direction of a turn and the angle of the turn

Turn centre:

the point about which a figure is turned; also called the point of rotation

Turn image:

the new position of a figure after a turn

Turn symmetry:

the property that a figure coincides with its original position more than once in a full turn; also called rotational symmetry or point symmetry

Upper extreme:

the greatest value in a set of data

Upper quartile:

the median of the values greater than the median in a set of data

Variable:

an unspecified number

Variable expression:

a mathematical expression that uses one or more variables; also called an algebraic expression

Vertex:

(of an angle) the endpoint from which the two rays start

Vinculum:

the bar in a fraction; also, the bar over the repeating block of digits in a repeating decimal number

Volume:

the amount of space an object occupies

x-axis

the horizontal axis on a graph

y-axis

the vertical axis on a graph

"Yes" example:

an example that shows a case that fits the definition